by California Casualty | Auto Insurance Info, Helpful Tips, Safety |
When it comes to keeping you safe behind the wheel, nothing works harder than your brakes. They’re your car’s first line of defense against accidents, yet most drivers don’t think about them until something goes wrong—a squeak, a grind, or that sinking feeling when the pedal doesn’t respond like it should.
The good news? You don’t need to be a car expert to understand how brakes work or how to spot trouble before it turns into a safety issue. With a little knowledge, you can keep your brakes in top shape and give yourself peace of mind every time you drive.
How Do Brakes Actually Work?
At their core, brakes use one simple idea: friction. When you press your foot on the brake pedal, you’re triggering a hydraulic system—a system powered by fluid—that pushes brake pads or brake shoes against a spinning surface attached to your wheels. That pressure and friction are what slow your car down.
Think of it like riding a bicycle. When you squeeze the hand brakes, the pads press against the rim of the wheel, creating friction that makes the bike stop. Your car brakes work on the same principle, just on a larger and more powerful scale.
Most modern cars also have power-assisted brakes, which make it easier for you to press down, and an anti-lock braking system (ABS), which prevents the wheels from locking up during sudden stops. That keeps your car more stable and easier to steer in an emergency.
Disc vs. Drum: The Two Main Types of Brakes
Most vehicles on the road today use a hydraulic braking system with either disc brakes, drum brakes, or a combination of both.
- Disc Brakes: These are the most common, especially on the front wheels (which handle most of the stopping power). A spinning disc, called a rotor, is clamped by a caliper holding brake pads. When you press the brake pedal, the pads squeeze the rotor, creating friction to slow the wheel.
- Drum Brakes: These are more often found on rear wheels. Inside the brake drum, brake shoes are pressed outward by pistons when you hit the brakes, rubbing against the drum to slow the car.
You don’t need to memorize the mechanics, but it helps to know that both systems rely on brake fluid, pads or shoes, and the principle of friction to get the job done.
Warning Signs Your Brakes Need Attention
Brakes give you plenty of signals before they fail completely. The key is to notice them early:
- Strange Noises: A squeal often means your brake pads are wearing thin. A grinding sound could mean the pads are worn down completely, with metal scraping against metal.
- Soft or Spongy Pedal: If the brake pedal sinks toward the floor or feels unusually soft, it may signal a leak in the brake system or air in the brake lines.
- Car Pulling to One Side When Braking: If your vehicle veers left or right when braking, it could be uneven brake wear, contaminated fluid, or a problem with the brake linings.
- Dashboard Warning Lights: Don’t ignore that glowing brake light. It’s your car’s way of asking for help.
If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s time to schedule a brake check before things get worse.
Simple Brake Maintenance Tips
You don’t need to be a mechanic to stay on top of basic brake care. A little attention can go a long way toward preventing costly repairs and keeping you safe. Here are some practical steps:
- Check Brake Pads: Brake pads wear down over time. If they’re less than ¼ inch thick, it’s time to replace them. Worn pads reduce your stopping power and can damage other parts of the braking system.
- Watch for Grease or Debris: Brake pads should be clean and dry. Grease or oil on them can reduce friction, making it harder to stop.
- Brake Fluid: Your mechanic should check the level and condition of your brake fluid regularly. Fresh brake fluid is clear or light in color. Dark or dirty fluid should be replaced.
- Rotors and Drums: Look for signs of grooves, cracks, or warping. Depending on the severity, they may need to be resurfaced or replaced.
- Brake Lines: Over time, brake lines can develop leaks from corrosion or damage. Any leak in the system reduces braking power and must be fixed immediately.
A good rule of thumb is to have your brakes inspected at least once a year—or sooner if you notice any changes in how they feel or sound. The cost of regular maintenance is small compared to the expense (and stress) of major repairs, not to mention the potential consequences of an accident.
Brakes may not be the flashiest part of your car, but they’re among the most important. Knowing how they work, spotting warning signs early, and keeping up with maintenance can give you confidence on the road and keep you—and your passengers—safe.
Of course, even the best brakes can’t prevent every unexpected situation. That’s where the right insurance comes in. Just as your brakes protect you in the moment, good coverage protects you afterward—helping you recover from accidents, repairs, or losses. Together, brake care and the right insurance give you the peace of mind to enjoy the drive, knowing you’re fully protected.
This article is furnished by California Casualty, providing auto and home insurance to educators, law enforcement officers, firefighters, and nurses. Get a quote at 1.866.704.8614 or www.calcas.com.
by California Casualty | Educators, Helpful Tips |
The first day of school can feel like stepping onto a stage—new faces, new routines, and a swirl of emotions. For kids, it’s both exciting and nerve-wracking; for parents, it’s a delicate balance of encouragement and letting go. By helping your child manage those first-day jitters, build independence, and embrace challenges with a growth mindset, you can set the tone for a year filled with confidence and curiosity.
Here are some simple ways to help your child feel ready—emotionally and practically—for the year ahead.
Listen—Really Listen—to Your Child
Back-to-school season is a big transition, and change can be unsettling. Ask your child how they’re feeling about the new year. Are they excited to see friends? Nervous about a new teacher? Unsure about tougher schoolwork?
Validate those feelings. Let them know that it’s normal to feel a mix of emotions—and that even teachers feel that way sometimes. For younger kids, support might mean extra hugs, a comforting meal, or a favorite bedtime story. For older kids, try meditation, a walk together, or a phone call with a friend. The key is to ask what they need and follow their lead.
Help Them Acclimate Early
If your child is starting at a new school, attend an open house or schedule a tour so they can see the space beforehand. Arrange to meet the teacher(s) if possible. Encourage reconnecting with school friends before the first day. You might even want to join the parent-teacher association to connect with other families.
Build Skills Before Day One
Help your child feel ready for both academics and logistics.
- For middle schoolers, practice locker combinations. Buy an inexpensive combination lock for hands-on practice at home.
- Role-play scenarios like asking a teacher for help, changing classes, or joining a group activity.
- Work on skills like time management, organization, or social confidence.
Support Sleep and Nutrition
Kids learn and cope better when they’re well-rested and well-fed.
- Aim for 9–12 hours of sleep for younger kids and 8–10 hours for teens.
- Create a calming bedtime routine—dim lights, no screens and quiet activities like reading.
- In the morning, serve a balanced breakfast with protein, whole grains, and fruit, and pack healthy snacks to keep energy steady.
- Don’t forget a water bottle to stay hydrated throughout the day.
Make Sure They’re Fully Prepared
A little preparation goes a long way toward easing first-day nerves and setting your child up for success. Involve them in the process so they feel invested and ready to start strong.
- Finish summer assignments early to avoid last-minute stress.
- Shop together for school supplies so they can pick items they’re excited to use.
- Choose back-to-school clothes Let them select outfits that are comfortable and help them feel confident.
- See our money-saving tips for back-to-school shopping.
Ease into the New Routine
Talk through the school-day schedule for the whole family, from morning wakeups to after-school activities. A week before school starts, begin shifting bedtimes and wakeup times so the first day isn’t a shock.
Plan for a stress-free school morning:
- Lay out the first-day outfit (let kids choose).
- Pack the backpack and lunch.
- Allow plenty of time for dressing, hygiene, and breakfast.
Teach Positive Self-Talk
Help your child manage stress with healthy coping tools. Teach them a positive mantra, such as “I am strong. I belong. I can do this all day long” or “I am brave. I am bright. I can shine with all my might.” Have them say it out loud in front of a mirror as part of morning routine. Deep breathing, stretching, or quick mindfulness exercises can help calm first-day nerves. Child-friendly meditation apps, soothing soundscapes, or bedtime stories can also work wonders.
Manage Separation Anxiety
For younger children, reassure them that school is a normal and important part of life. Let them know exactly when you’ll be back for pickup—it’s comforting for kids to have a clear mental timeline.
Foster Age-Appropriate Independence
Small, age-appropriate responsibilities help kids feel proud, capable, and ready to take on more as they grow.
- Younger children can carry their own backpack and lunch.
- Older students can also make their lunch and plan their homework schedule.
- Remind kids about back-to-school traffic safety.
Create a Relationship Map
Draw a map with your child at the center, surrounded by trusted adults at school—teachers, counselors, aides—who can help. Knowing exactly who to go to makes asking for help less intimidating.
Check in with your child
At dinner or bedtime, ask open-ended questions like: “What made you smile today?” or “What was tricky?” These prompt more thoughtful answers than “How was your day?”
Watch for Signs of Struggle
If your child shows ongoing signs such as unusual sleep issues, irritability, poor concentration, low energy, loss of appetite, headaches, or frequent tears, consider reaching out to a school counselor or therapist for additional support.
By blending emotional support, practical preparation, and opportunities for independence, you can help your child start the school year with confidence and curiosity—ready to take on whatever comes their way.
This article is furnished by California Casualty, providing auto and home insurance to educators, law enforcement officers, firefighters, and nurses. Get a quote at 1.866.704.8614 or www.calcas.com.
by California Casualty | Educators |
You’ve got the keys, the blank slate, and a million Pinterest ideas—now what? If you’ve ever rearranged your classroom 14 times only to end up where you started or discovered that nothing will stick to your cinderblock walls, you’re not alone. Setting up your classroom is part science, part art, and part survival skills. Here’s how to make your space functional, organized, and ready for your best school year yet.
1. Start with a Floor Plan—on Paper
Save your back (and your sanity) by planning before you push a single desk. Measure your room and create a layout in Canva so you can test different setups—rows, clusters, flexible seating zones—without breaking a sweat. Keep the file handy so you can tweak it later in the year. Bonus: Take a stroll through your coworkers’ classrooms for fresh inspiration.
2. Be Strategic with Your Teacher’s Desk
Don’t just plop your desk in the front of the room because “that’s where it goes.” Think sight lines—you want to be able to see everyone from where you sit. Consider angling your desk in a corner and blocking the space behind it with brightly colored floor tape (students will quickly learn that’s a “no-go” zone). Check the view from the back of the room before committing.
3. Create a Teaching Station
Your teaching station is home base for lessons—a spot where your day’s materials are ready to grab. This could be part of your desk, or better yet, a separate area that keeps supplies organized and within reach. The less time you spend hunting for markers, the more time you have for teaching.
4. Master the Art of Storage
Clutter = chaos. Designate clear zones for students to pick up materials and turn in work. Keep frequently used items like pencils and paper within easy reach to reduce downtime. Use a labeling system for bins and shelves so everyone knows where things belong.
5. Tame the Tech
Before you finalize your setup, check outlet locations and plan how devices will be stored, charged, and returned. Use small strips of colored electrical tape to match devices with their chargers and spots at the charging station. Limited colors? Add patterns like stripes to stretch your system further.
6. Turn Down the Volume
A quieter classroom helps everyone focus. Add rubber feet to movable furniture, place rugs in high-traffic areas, and use soft materials to absorb sound. Even a few strategic changes can cut down on echoes and background noise. Consider a relaxing classroom playlist to set the stage for learning.
7. Bring in Nature
Plants make a classroom feel more welcoming—and some even improve air quality. Choose low-maintenance varieties and place them where they’ll get a little love (and not become a dodgeball target).
8. Keep Walls Calm but Useful
Over-decorated walls can overstimulate students. Researchers suggest keeping 20–50% of your wall space clear. Use posters and bulletin boards as teaching tools—refer to them often, update them, and place high-value content where students can see it daily.
Pro hacks:
- “Paper” your bulletin boards with fabric for a hole-free, year-round backdrop.
- Hot glue clothespins to tacks for easy swapping of posters or vocabulary words.
- Put painter’s tape on walls. Then hot glue posters to the tape for an easy attachment and clean removal.
- Hang clear sheet protectors for student work displays—slide papers in and out or insert blank pages to turn them into reusable whiteboards.
9. Prioritize Prime Real Estate
The front of the room is your VIP zone. Use it for systems students will interact with every day—like bathroom check-ins, absent work folders, or daily instructions. Put permanent displays in hard-to-reach spots and seasonal ones where you can easily swap them.
10. Make Friends with the Custodian
This might be the most valuable tip of all. Learn their name, their birthday, and yes, maybe even their cell number. The day you lock your keys inside your classroom, you’ll be glad you did.
A little planning goes a long way in creating a classroom that works for you and your students. The goal isn’t Pinterest perfection—it’s a space where learning flows, chaos is minimal, and you can focus on what matters most: teaching.
Classroom completed? Check out our Back-to-School Checklist for Busy Teachers and tips for time management.
This article is furnished by California Casualty, providing auto and home insurance to educators, law enforcement officers, firefighters, and nurses. Get a quote at 1.866.704.8614 or www.calcas.com.
by California Casualty | Helpful Tips, Homeowners Insurance Info |
It only takes a moment—a forgotten candle, an overloaded outlet, a stray spark from the stove—for a cozy home to turn into a dangerous blaze. Every year, thousands of families face the devastating aftermath of house fires, many of which could have been prevented. Understanding the most common causes of home fires isn’t just smart—it’s essential. Here’s what you need to know to keep your loved ones safe and your home protected.
Cooking
A leading cause of house fires, unattended cooking is one of the biggest risks in the kitchen. Cooking fires can ignite in seconds, and flammable items like towels or food packaging can easily catch fire if placed too close to a hot burner.
How to prevent:
- Stay in the kitchen. Never leave food unattended when frying, grilling, or broiling. If you must leave, turn off the stove or oven.
- Use timers. Set a timer as a reminder that something is cooking, especially for longer tasks like baking or simmering.
- Clear the area. Keep oven mitts, paper towels, curtains, and wooden utensils away from burners.
- Turn pot handles inward. Prevent accidents by keeping handles turned toward the back of the stove.
- Avoid distractions. Don’t cook if you’re feeling drowsy or have consumed alcohol or sedating medications.
Heating
As temperatures drop, heating equipment becomes a top source of home fires. Space heaters, fireplaces, and wood-burning stoves can all spark danger if not used carefully.
How to prevent:
- Keep a safe distance. Maintain at least 3 feet of space between heaters and anything flammable—furniture, curtains, bedding, etc.
- Upgrade old equipment. Choose space heaters that turn off automatically when overheated or tipped over.
- Maintain chimneys and furnaces. Have them professionally inspected and cleaned annually.
- Dispose of fireplace ashes properly. Let ashes cool completely and place them in a metal container with a lid. Place them outside and away from your home.
- Use fire screens. Always use a sturdy screen or glass door in front of fireplaces.
Electrical
Modern homes rely on more electronics than ever—but faulty wiring or improper use of power and extension cords can lead to disaster.
How to prevent:
- Don’t overload outlets. Avoid using multi-plug adapters or plugging too many devices into one outlet.
- Inspect cords. Replace frayed, cracked, or damaged cords immediately.
- Pay attention to wattage. Always use light bulbs that match the fixture’s recommended wattage.
- Look for warning signs. Flickering lights, discolored outlets, burning smells, or frequent blown fuses are red flags.
- Upgrade protection. Install Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters (AFCIs) and surge protectors. Consider smart sensors that alert you to abnormal power use or overheating.
- Call an electrician. Have a licensed professional inspect your system if you suspect any issues.
Candles
While they add ambiance, candles can also add risk. An open flame left unattended is a leading cause of home fires.
How to prevent:
- Never leave a candle burning unattended. Always extinguish it when you leave the room or go to sleep.
- Watch placement. Keep candles at least 12 inches away from anything flammable—curtains, books, decorations.
- Use sturdy holders. Place candles on heat-resistant surfaces and avoid wobbly furniture.
- Keep away from pets and children. Curious hands and wagging tails can easily knock over a candle.
- Don’t burn to the bottom. Leave at least a half inch of wax in the container to prevent overheating and cracking.
Dryer Vents
Dryers are a common cause of home fires, and too often, the lint traps are the culprit. Making sure your lint trap is not too full will help.
How to prevent:
- Clean the lint filter after every load. Remove lint from around the dryer rim.
- Check the vent hose regularly. Make sure it’s not kinked or clogged. Make sure the outdoor vent flap opens when the dryer is on.
- Move flammable items. Move cardboard and cleaning supplies away from the dryer, especially when it is on.
Smoking
Careless smoking is another major contributor to home fires—especially when done indoors or near flammable materials.
How to prevent:
- Never smoke in bed or when drowsy. It makes it too tempting to skip safe disposal and it’s too easy to fall asleep.
- Use deep, sturdy ashtrays. Ensure cigarette butts are completely extinguished.
- Don’t toss butts in the trash. Dispose of them in a metal container or douse with water before discarding.
Preventing a fire doesn’t stop with avoiding hazards—it includes being prepared in case one does occur.
- Install smoke detectors. Place them on every level of your home, inside bedrooms, and outside sleeping areas. Test them monthly and change the batteries twice a year (when you change the clocks).
- Have an extinguisher on hand. Keep one in the kitchen and know how to use it. Check that it’s not expired.
- Keep flammable items out of reach. Store matches, lighters, and chemicals where children can’t access them.
- Follow these tips to fireproof your home. There’s a lot that you can do inside and outside.
- Create a fire escape plan. Practice it with your family so everyone knows how to exit quickly and safely.
Your home is one of your greatest investments. Make sure it is fully protected with the right insurance.
This article is furnished by California Casualty, providing auto and home insurance to educators, law enforcement officers, firefighters, and nurses. Get a quote at 1.866.704.8614 or www.calcas.com.
by California Casualty | Helpful Tips |
Summer is in full swing, and somehow, the kids are bored again. Sound familiar? Don’t worry—this season, you’ve got a secret weapon: kid-friendly DIY projects that spark creativity, burn off energy, and (bonus!) keep screen time to a minimum. Whether you’re building a terrarium, whipping up homemade slime, or crafting a bird feeder, these hands-on adventures are fun for the whole family—and just might make you the coolest parent on the block.
Create a terrarium
https://terrariumtribe.com/terrarium-for-kids/
Bring the outdoors in with a mini garden your kids can build and watch grow—right inside a fishbowl or jar!
Supplies
- Clear glass or plastic container with a lid
- Plants that enjoy high humidity (like succulents or moss)
- Tropical soil mix (not potting soil which compacts too quickly)
- Pebbles or gravel
- A scoop
- Spray bottle
- Rocks, wood, shells, figurines for decoration
Directions
- Add an inch of gravel to the bottom. Place it carefully so you do not crack the glass.
- Add 2-3 inches of soil.
- Arrange the plants in the soil.
- Add your decorations.
- Use the spray bottle to spray the plants and soil so the top looks wet, but the bottom is still dry.
- Put the lid on and place your terrarium in a spot that is out of direct sunlight.
- The natural humidity in a closed container will give the plants everything they need. Watch as they flourish and grow.
Make a bird feeder
https://themanylittlejoys.com/kid-made-bird-feeders/
Invite feathered friends to your backyard with this easy, kid-made bird feeder that’s as fun to craft as it is to watch in action!
Supplies
- Wild bird seed
- A cardboard toilet paper roll
- Paper plate
- Peanut butter (or other nut butter)
- String or yarn for hanging
- Knife for spreading
Directions
- Spread peanut butter on the outside of the toilet paper roll. Make sure it is fully covered.
- Place the birdseed on a paper plate. Shake it gently so it coats the plate.
- Press the toilet paper roll in the birdseed. Roll it around until it is well covered.
- Cut an 18-inch length of string.
- Thread it through the opening of the toilet paper roll. Knot the ends together.
- Hang it outside on a branch.
Pro Tip: If you don’t want fallen seeds to sprout on your lawn, place the homemade bird feeder in a paper bag and microwave it for 5 minutes. That prevents it from sprouting.
Make a garden marker
https://gluesticksblog.com/popsicle-stick-garden-makers/
Turn craft time into garden time with these colorful DIY garden markers—perfect for helping kids keep track of what’s growing!
Supplies
- Popsicle sticks (5 for each garden marker)
- Hot glue gun (parents only)
- Acrylic paint
- Markers
Directions
- Place two popsicle sticks on the table vertically, so they are about 4 inches apart.
- Have a parent glue a popsicle stick horizontally to connect the two.
- Repeat with two more horizontal sticks next to each other to form the sign.
- Paint the sign with acrylic craft paint. Let dry.
- Paint or use markers to draw the type of vegetable or plant.
- Add the name of the plant.
Paint a rock
https://stlmotherhood.com/kids-love-to-craft-super-cute-painted-rocks/
Add a pop of color—and a little kindness—to the world with painted rocks that kids can design, decorate, and share!
Supplies
- Smooth rocks (craft stores sell them if you cannot find them out and about)
- Acrylic patio paint (or acrylic paint and a sealant like Mod Podge Outdoor)
- Foam or regular paintbrush and/or paint markers
- Sharpies (parent supervision needed)
- Googly eyes (optional)
- Glue (optional)
Directions
- Wash the rock. If it’s one found outdoors, you will need to remove the dirt and grime. If it’s store-bought, it might have a wax coating.
- Apply a coat of paint and let dry.
- Draw with paint pens or add detail to create rocks that look like ladybugs, turtles, etc. You can add googly eyes and make your own pet rocks.
- Consider writing positive messages and placing your rocks where others will find them as part of the Kindness Rocks Project.
Make your own scratch art
https://www.hgtv.com/design/make-and-celebrate/handmade/how-to-make-your-own-scratch-art
Watch kids’ creativity come to life as they scratch away black paint to reveal vibrant, colorful designs hidden underneath!
Supplies
- Heavy card stock
- Crayons
- Black acrylic paint
- Mixing bowl
- Dish soap
- Foam paint brush
- Wooden chopstick
Directions
- Color the underlying pattern on the card stock. This could be a rainbow, a series of hearts or any colorful pattern. Make sure you press down hard so the color is prominent, and it goes all the way to the ends of the paper.
- Combine equal parts acrylic paint and dish soap in the mixing bowl. Stir it gently with the foam brush. Try to avoid making it sudsy.
- Apply the paint-soap mixture on top of your colorful design. Make sure to completely coat the cardstock.
- Give the paint a few hours to dry.
- Then use a chopstick to scratch off designs, revealing the colorful layer below. The paint will flake off but is easy to clean.
Make homemade slime
https://ourbestbites.com/kids-in-the-kitchen-slime/
Stretch it, squish it, swirl it—kids love making (and playing with!) homemade slime that’s equal parts science and fun! Supervise young kids in this process, and make sure they know not to eat the slime.
Supplies
- 1 teaspoon borax powder
- 1 ½ cup water divided
- 4 oz. white glue
- Food coloring
- Bowl
Directions
- Dissolve a teaspoon of Borax into one cup of water. Set aside.
- Pour the glue into a medium mixing bowl and add ½ cup of water.
- Add a few drops of food coloring.
- Pour the borax mixture into the glue mixture.
- Watch for the solids that start to form.
- Stir at the beginning but after a few moments, you will want to use your hands to gather the gooey mixture. It will be soft and wet.
- Continue kneading it until it becomes firmer.
- Store it in a Ziplock bag or airtight container.
For more ideas, check out our blogs on teacher-approved activities for curious minds and summer activities that don’t involve screen time.
Do you have a fun project that’s not listed here? Share it in the comments.
This article is furnished by California Casualty, providing auto and home insurance to educators, law enforcement officers, firefighters, and nurses. Get a quote at 1.866.704.8614 or www.calcas.com.
