Brakes 101: What Every Driver Should Know About Staying Safe on the Road

Brakes 101: What Every Driver Should Know About Staying Safe on the Road

When it comes to keeping you safe behind the wheel, nothing works harder than your brakes. They’re your car’s first line of defense against accidents, yet most drivers don’t think about them until something goes wrong—a squeak, a grind, or that sinking feeling when the pedal doesn’t respond like it should.

The good news? You don’t need to be a car expert to understand how brakes work or how to spot trouble before it turns into a safety issue. With a little knowledge, you can keep your brakes in top shape and give yourself peace of mind every time you drive.

How Do Brakes Actually Work?

 At their core, brakes use one simple idea: friction. When you press your foot on the brake pedal, you’re triggering a hydraulic system—a system powered by fluid—that pushes brake pads or brake shoes against a spinning surface attached to your wheels. That pressure and friction are what slow your car down.

Think of it like riding a bicycle. When you squeeze the hand brakes, the pads press against the rim of the wheel, creating friction that makes the bike stop. Your car brakes work on the same principle, just on a larger and more powerful scale.

Most modern cars also have power-assisted brakes, which make it easier for you to press down, and an anti-lock braking system (ABS), which prevents the wheels from locking up during sudden stops. That keeps your car more stable and easier to steer in an emergency.

Disc vs. Drum: The Two Main Types of Brakes

 Most vehicles on the road today use a hydraulic braking system with either disc brakes, drum brakes, or a combination of both.

  • Disc Brakes: These are the most common, especially on the front wheels (which handle most of the stopping power). A spinning disc, called a rotor, is clamped by a caliper holding brake pads. When you press the brake pedal, the pads squeeze the rotor, creating friction to slow the wheel.
  • Drum Brakes: These are more often found on rear wheels. Inside the brake drum, brake shoes are pressed outward by pistons when you hit the brakes, rubbing against the drum to slow the car.

You don’t need to memorize the mechanics, but it helps to know that both systems rely on brake fluid, pads or shoes, and the principle of friction to get the job done.

Warning Signs Your Brakes Need Attention

 Brakes give you plenty of signals before they fail completely. The key is to notice them early:

  • Strange Noises: A squeal often means your brake pads are wearing thin. A grinding sound could mean the pads are worn down completely, with metal scraping against metal.
  • Soft or Spongy Pedal: If the brake pedal sinks toward the floor or feels unusually soft, it may signal a leak in the brake system or air in the brake lines.
  • Car Pulling to One Side When Braking: If your vehicle veers left or right when braking, it could be uneven brake wear, contaminated fluid, or a problem with the brake linings.
  • Dashboard Warning Lights: Don’t ignore that glowing brake light. It’s your car’s way of asking for help.

If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s time to schedule a brake check before things get worse.

Simple Brake Maintenance Tips

 You don’t need to be a mechanic to stay on top of basic brake care. A little attention can go a long way toward preventing costly repairs and keeping you safe. Here are some practical steps:

  • Check Brake Pads: Brake pads wear down over time. If they’re less than ¼ inch thick, it’s time to replace them. Worn pads reduce your stopping power and can damage other parts of the braking system.
  • Watch for Grease or Debris: Brake pads should be clean and dry. Grease or oil on them can reduce friction, making it harder to stop.
  • Brake Fluid: Your mechanic should check the level and condition of your brake fluid regularly. Fresh brake fluid is clear or light in color. Dark or dirty fluid should be replaced.
  • Rotors and Drums: Look for signs of grooves, cracks, or warping. Depending on the severity, they may need to be resurfaced or replaced.
  • Brake Lines: Over time, brake lines can develop leaks from corrosion or damage. Any leak in the system reduces braking power and must be fixed immediately.

A good rule of thumb is to have your brakes inspected at least once a year—or sooner if you notice any changes in how they feel or sound. The cost of regular maintenance is small compared to the expense (and stress) of major repairs, not to mention the potential consequences of an accident.

Brakes may not be the flashiest part of your car, but they’re among the most important. Knowing how they work, spotting warning signs early, and keeping up with maintenance can give you confidence on the road and keep you—and your passengers—safe.

Of course, even the best brakes can’t prevent every unexpected situation. That’s where the right insurance comes in. Just as your brakes protect you in the moment, good coverage protects you afterward—helping you recover from accidents, repairs, or losses. Together, brake care and the right insurance give you the peace of mind to enjoy the drive, knowing you’re fully protected.

This article is furnished by California Casualty, providing auto and home insurance to educators, law enforcement officers, firefighters, and nurses. Get a quote at 1.866.704.8614 or www.calcas.com.

Help Your Child Navigate a New School Year with Confidence

Help Your Child Navigate a New School Year with Confidence

The first day of school can feel like stepping onto a stage—new faces, new routines, and a swirl of emotions. For kids, it’s both exciting and nerve-wracking; for parents, it’s a delicate balance of encouragement and letting go. By helping your child manage those first-day jitters, build independence, and embrace challenges with a growth mindset, you can set the tone for a year filled with confidence and curiosity.

Here are some simple ways to help your child feel ready—emotionally and practically—for the year ahead.

Listen—Really Listen—to Your Child

Back-to-school season is a big transition, and change can be unsettling. Ask your child how they’re feeling about the new year. Are they excited to see friends? Nervous about a new teacher? Unsure about tougher schoolwork?

Validate those feelings. Let them know that it’s normal to feel a mix of emotions—and that even teachers feel that way sometimes. For younger kids, support might mean extra hugs, a comforting meal, or a favorite bedtime story. For older kids, try meditation, a walk together, or a phone call with a friend. The key is to ask what they need and follow their lead.

Help Them Acclimate Early

If your child is starting at a new school, attend an open house or schedule a tour so they can see the space beforehand. Arrange to meet the teacher(s) if possible. Encourage reconnecting with school friends before the first day. You might even want to join the parent-teacher association to connect with other families.

Build Skills Before Day One

Help your child feel ready for both academics and logistics.

  • For middle schoolers, practice locker combinations. Buy an inexpensive combination lock for hands-on practice at home.
  • Role-play scenarios like asking a teacher for help, changing classes, or joining a group activity.
  • Work on skills like time management, organization, or social confidence.

Support Sleep and Nutrition

Kids learn and cope better when they’re well-rested and well-fed.

  • Aim for 9–12 hours of sleep for younger kids and 8–10 hours for teens.
  • Create a calming bedtime routine—dim lights, no screens and quiet activities like reading.
  • In the morning, serve a balanced breakfast with protein, whole grains, and fruit, and pack healthy snacks to keep energy steady.
  • Don’t forget a water bottle to stay hydrated throughout the day.

Make Sure They’re Fully Prepared

A little preparation goes a long way toward easing first-day nerves and setting your child up for success. Involve them in the process so they feel invested and ready to start strong.

  • Finish summer assignments early to avoid last-minute stress.
  • Shop together for school supplies so they can pick items they’re excited to use.
  • Choose back-to-school clothes Let them select outfits that are comfortable and help them feel confident.
  • See our money-saving tips for back-to-school shopping.

Ease into the New Routine

Talk through the school-day schedule for the whole family, from morning wakeups to after-school activities. A week before school starts, begin shifting bedtimes and wakeup times so the first day isn’t a shock.

Plan for a stress-free school morning:

  • Lay out the first-day outfit (let kids choose).
  • Pack the backpack and lunch.
  • Allow plenty of time for dressing, hygiene, and breakfast.

Teach Positive Self-Talk

Help your child manage stress with healthy coping tools. Teach them a positive mantra, such as “I am strong. I belong. I can do this all day long” or “I am brave. I am bright. I can shine with all my might.” Have them say it out loud in front of a mirror as part of morning routine. Deep breathing, stretching, or quick mindfulness exercises can help calm first-day nerves. Child-friendly meditation apps, soothing soundscapes, or bedtime stories can also work wonders.

Manage Separation Anxiety

For younger children, reassure them that school is a normal and important part of life. Let them know exactly when you’ll be back for pickup—it’s comforting for kids to have a clear mental timeline.

Foster Age-Appropriate Independence

Small, age-appropriate responsibilities help kids feel proud, capable, and ready to take on more as they grow.

  • Younger children can carry their own backpack and lunch.
  • Older students can also make their lunch and plan their homework schedule.
  • Remind kids about back-to-school traffic safety.

Create a Relationship Map

Draw a map with your child at the center, surrounded by trusted adults at school—teachers, counselors, aides—who can help. Knowing exactly who to go to makes asking for help less intimidating.

Check in with your child

At dinner or bedtime, ask open-ended questions like: “What made you smile today?” or “What was tricky?” These prompt more thoughtful answers than “How was your day?”

Watch for Signs of Struggle

If your child shows ongoing signs such as unusual sleep issues, irritability, poor concentration, low energy, loss of appetite, headaches, or frequent tears, consider reaching out to a school counselor or therapist for additional support.

By blending emotional support, practical preparation, and opportunities for independence, you can help your child start the school year with confidence and curiosity—ready to take on whatever comes their way.

This article is furnished by California Casualty, providing auto and home insurance to educators, law enforcement officers, firefighters, and nurses. Get a quote at 1.866.704.8614 or www.calcas.com.

Quick, No-Cook Meals to Beat the Heat

Quick, No-Cook Meals to Beat the Heat

When it’s hot and humid, the last thing you want to do is turn on the stove. Quick, no-cook dishes are your secret weapon for staying cool in the kitchen while still enjoying fresh, flavorful bites. From satisfying salads to bowls and rolls, we’ve rounded up easy ideas that keep your taste buds happy and your oven off.

Antipasto Chickpea Salad

https://www.delish.com/cooking/recipe-ideas/a27921866/antipasto-chickpea-salad-recipe/

This bold, flavor-packed salad brings all the best parts of an antipasto platter into one satisfying, protein-rich bowl.

Ingredients:

For the Dressing

  • ¼ cup extra-virgin olive oil
  • ¼ cup red wine vinegar
  • ½ tsp. Italian seasoning
  • 1 clove garlic, minced
  • 1 Tbsp. Dijon mustard
  • Red pepper flakes
  • Kosher salt
  • Freshly ground black pepper

For the Salad

  • 2 (15.5-oz) cans chickpeas, rinsed and drained
  • 1 cup artichoke hearts, drained and quartered
  • 2 cups packed baby spinach
  • 8 oz. mozzarella balls, quartered
  • ½ cup grape tomatoes, halved
  • 4 oz. sliced salami, quartered
  • ¼ cup sliced black olives
  • ¼ cup sliced pepperoncini peppers
  • ¼ red onion, thinly sliced

Directions:

  1. Whisk together the oil, vinegar, Italian seasoning, garlic and mustard. Season to taste with red pepper flakes, salt and black pepper.
  2. Combine all salad ingredients in another bowl.
  3. Add the dressing to the salad. Season with salt and pepper if needed.

Black Bean Taco Bowls

https://www.eatingwell.com/no-cook-black-bean-taco-bowls-11718893

Colorful, crunchy, and packed with southwest flavor, these taco bowls are a fresh and fun way to load up on veggies with every bite.

Ingredients:

  • 5 tablespoons sour cream
  • ⅛ teaspoon lime zest
  • 3 tablespoons lime juice, divided
  • 1 tablespoon water
  • ¼ cup extra-virgin olive oil
  • 2 scallions, thinly sliced, plus more for garnish
  • ⅛ teaspoon salt
  • 1 (15-ounce) can no-salt-added black beans, rinsed
  • 4 cups chopped romaine lettuce
  • 4 cups shredded green cabbage
  • 2 cups corn kernels
  • 1 cup chopped drained roasted red peppers
  • ½ cup shredded Cheddar cheese
  • ¼ cup finely chopped red onion
  • ¼ cup chopped pickled jalapeños
  • 4 ounces tortilla chips
  • 3 bowls – small, medium and large

Directions:

  1. In the small bowl, make the lime crema. Whisk together the sour cream, lime zest and 1 tablespoon of the lime juice. Add 1 tablespoon of water and mix until smooth.
  2. In the large bowl, make the vinaigrette. Combine the olive oil, scallions, and the remaining lime juice.
  3. Place the rinsed beans in the medium bowl. Take 2 tablespoons of the vinaigrette and add it to the beans to coat them.
  4. To the large bowl with the remaining vinaigrette, add the lettuce and cabbage. Toss well.
  5. To serve, divide the lettuce among individual bowls. Top each bowl with the beans, corn, roasted red peppers, cheese, red onion and jalapenos. Drizzle with lime crema and serve with tortilla chips.

Chicken Stuffed Pitas

https://whatsgabycooking.com/greek-chicken-stuffed-pitas/

Packed with protein and Mediterranean flavor, these pitas are the perfect grab-and-go meal.

Ingredients:

For the Tzatziki

  • 2 cups plain non-fat Greek yogurt
  • ½ English cucumber peeled and thinly sliced
  • 1 lemon juiced
  • 1 clove garlic super finely chopped
  • 1 tablespoon chopped fresh dill
  • Kosher salt and freshly cracked black pepper to taste

For the Stuffed Pita

  • 2 cups shredded rotisserie chicken
  • ½ cup tzatziki sauce (from above recipe)
  • ¼ red onion thinly sliced
  • 1 ripe avocado sliced
  • 4 whole wheat pitas (alternatively, use a lettuce wrap)
  • Kosher salt and freshly cracked black pepper to taste

Directions:

  1. In a large bowl, combine all tzatziki ingredients except lemon juice.
  2. Add half of the lemon juice and taste. Add more if desired and season with salt and pepper.
  3. Combine the cooked chicken, tzatziki sauce and red onion in a large bowl. Taste and season with salt and pepper as needed.
  4. Divide the mixture into 4 equal parts and stuff into each pita pocket. Top with sliced avocado.

Easy Seafood Salad

https://www.tasteofhome.com/recipes/easy-seafood-salad/

Light, citrusy, and full of flavor, this seafood salad is a refreshing way to enjoy shrimp and crab with a zesty twist.

Ingredients:

  • 1 medium orange
  • 1 medium lemon
  • 1 medium lime
  • ½ pound peeled and deveined cooked shrimp, coarsely chopped
  • ½ pound refrigerated fresh or imitation crabmeat, coarsely chopped
  • 2 tablespoons finely chopped sweet onion
  • 2 tablespoons finely chopped sweet red pepper
  • Shredded lettuce
  • Assorted crackers

Directions:

  1. Finely grate the zest from the orange in a large bowl.
  2. Cut the orange in half crosswise. Squeeze the juice into the bowl.
  3. Repeat with the lemon and lime.
  4. Add the shrimp, crab, onion and pepper and toss. Serve on lettuce with crackers.

Fresh Summer Rolls

https://jessicainthekitchen.com/fresh-spring-rolls-with-peanut-ginger-sauce/

Delicious, colorful, and full of crisp veggies, these summer rolls are perfect for dipping, snacking, or impressing your taste buds with every bite.

Ingredients:

The Rolls

  • 9-10 rice papers
  • 1 carrot, julienned
  • ¼ cup chopped mint
  • 2 cups purple cabbage, sliced
  • ½ cup red bell pepper, chopped
  • ½ cup yellow bell pepper, chopped
  • 7-8 lettuce leaves
  • 5 ounces rice vermicelli noodles, cooked

Peanut Ginger Sauce

  • ½teaspoonground ginger
  • 1tablespoonmaple syrup
  • 2tablespoonssoy sauce
  • 1teaspoondistilled white vinegar
  • ½teaspoonsesame seeds
  • ⅓cuppeanut butter
  • ¼cupwarm water
  • ¼teaspooncrushed red pepper flakes

Directions:

  1. For the peanut ginger sauce, whisk the ingredients together and set aside.
  2. Set out your chopped veggies on a cutting board.
  3. Prepare the rice paper wrappers per the instructions on your packaging. You will be dipping them into water until they become transparent, about 20-30 seconds. They should be soft but not so soft that they are easily ripped.
  4. Wet the first rice paper and then place it on a plastic, silicone or ceramic cutting mat. (It will stick to wooden cutting boards.)
  5. Fill your roll with the veggies and other ingredients.
  6. Roll the top and bottom of the rolls up over the filling. Then roll the left of the rice paper over and tuck it in like a burrito. Make sure it is rolled tightly and set it on the folded edge for serving.
  7. Repeat with the other rice papers.
  8. Serve with dipping sauce.

Mid-Summer Italian Bread Salad

https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/16226/mid-summer-italian-bread-salad/

Rustic, garden-fresh, and bursting with basil and ripe tomatoes, this hearty salad turns day-old bread into the star of your summer table.

Ingredients:

  • 1 clove garlic, peeled
  • 1 (1 pound) loaf Italian bread
  • 2 cups chopped fresh basil
  • 1 cup chopped tomatoes
  • 1 cup peeled, seeded, and chopped cucumber
  • 1 cup chopped red onion
  • 2 tablespoons chopped fresh thyme
  • 1 clove garlic, minced
  • ¼ cup olive oil, or as needed
  • 2 tablespoons balsamic vinegar, or as needed

Directions:

  1. Rub the peeled garlic clove around a wooden salad bowl.
  2. Cut or pull apart bread into bite-sized pieces.
  3. Combine the bread, basil, tomatoes, cucumber, red onion, thyme, and minced garlic in the prepared salad bowl.
  4. Add the olive oil and vinegar. Toss to evenly coat.

Shrimp Gazpacho

https://www.tasteofhome.com/recipes/shrimp-gazpacho/

Cool, zesty, and refreshingly satisfying, this Shrimp Gazpacho delivers big flavor.

Ingredients:

  • 6 cups spicy V8 juice
  • 2 cups cold water
  • ½ cup lime juice
  • ½ cup minced fresh cilantro
  • ½ teaspoon salt
  • ¼ to ½ teaspoon hot pepper sauce
  • 1 pound peeled and deveined cooked shrimp with tails removed
  • 1 medium cucumber, seeded and diced
  • 2 medium tomatoes, seeded and chopped
  • 2 medium ripe avocados, peeled and chopped

Directions:

  1. In a large glass or ceramic bowl*, mix the V8 juice, water, lime juice, cilantro, salt and hot pepper sauce. (*Tomatoes can react with some materials such as metals.)
  2. Stir in the shrimp, chopped tomatoes, diced cucumbers and chopped avocados.
  3. Cover and refrigerate for at least an hour before serving. Serve cold.

Watermelon Feta Salad

Sweet, crisp, and fresh—this Watermelon Feta Salad is a vibrant celebration of summer.

https://whatsgabycooking.com/watermelon-feta-salad/

Ingredients:

  • 1 small seedless watermelon cut into 1-inch cubes or melon balls
  • 1 shallot finely chopped
  • 4 tablespoons mint torn, plus more for garnish
  • 2 tablespoons olive oil
  • Kosher salt and freshly cracked black pepper to taste
  • 1 sheet fresh feta cheese cut into ½ inch cubes (about ½ cup once cubed)
  • 3 Persian cucumbers sliced into ½ inch thick rounds
  • Handful of arugula

For the Vinaigrette

  • 4 tablespoons olive oil
  • 3 tablespoons red wine vinegar
  • 3 cloves garlic chopped
  • 1 shallot finely chopped
  • 1 teaspoon dried oregano
  • Kosher salt and freshly cracked black pepper to taste

Directions:

  1. Combine the watermelon, shallots, olive oil and mint in a large bowl. Season with salt and pepper to taste, then place in the fridge for at least 1 hour and up to 3 hours.
  2. In the meantime, make the vinaigrette by combining all ingredients.
  3. Remove from the fridge and add feta and cucumbers. Toss to combine.
  4. Add arugula on top and drizzle with vinaigrette.

Do you have a favorite no-cook summer recipe? Share it in the comments.

This article is furnished by California Casualty, providing auto and home insurance to educators, law enforcement officers, firefighters, and nurses. Get a quote at 1.866.704.8614 or www.calcas.com.

Common Causes of Home Fires—and How to Prevent Them

Common Causes of Home Fires—and How to Prevent Them

It only takes a moment—a forgotten candle, an overloaded outlet, a stray spark from the stove—for a cozy home to turn into a dangerous blaze. Every year, thousands of families face the devastating aftermath of house fires, many of which could have been prevented. Understanding the most common causes of home fires isn’t just smart—it’s essential. Here’s what you need to know to keep your loved ones safe and your home protected.

Cooking

A leading cause of house fires, unattended cooking is one of the biggest risks in the kitchen. Cooking fires can ignite in seconds, and flammable items like towels or food packaging can easily catch fire if placed too close to a hot burner.

How to prevent:

  • Stay in the kitchen. Never leave food unattended when frying, grilling, or broiling. If you must leave, turn off the stove or oven.
  • Use timers. Set a timer as a reminder that something is cooking, especially for longer tasks like baking or simmering.
  • Clear the area. Keep oven mitts, paper towels, curtains, and wooden utensils away from burners.
  • Turn pot handles inward. Prevent accidents by keeping handles turned toward the back of the stove.
  • Avoid distractions. Don’t cook if you’re feeling drowsy or have consumed alcohol or sedating medications.

Heating

As temperatures drop, heating equipment becomes a top source of home fires. Space heaters, fireplaces, and wood-burning stoves can all spark danger if not used carefully.

How to prevent:

  • Keep a safe distance. Maintain at least 3 feet of space between heaters and anything flammable—furniture, curtains, bedding, etc.
  • Upgrade old equipment. Choose space heaters that turn off automatically when overheated or tipped over.
  • Maintain chimneys and furnaces. Have them professionally inspected and cleaned annually.
  • Dispose of fireplace ashes properly. Let ashes cool completely and place them in a metal container with a lid. Place them outside and away from your home.
  • Use fire screens. Always use a sturdy screen or glass door in front of fireplaces.

Electrical

Modern homes rely on more electronics than ever—but faulty wiring or improper use of power and extension cords can lead to disaster.

How to prevent:

  • Don’t overload outlets. Avoid using multi-plug adapters or plugging too many devices into one outlet.
  • Inspect cords. Replace frayed, cracked, or damaged cords immediately.
  • Pay attention to wattage. Always use light bulbs that match the fixture’s recommended wattage.
  • Look for warning signs. Flickering lights, discolored outlets, burning smells, or frequent blown fuses are red flags.
  • Upgrade protection. Install Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters (AFCIs) and surge protectors. Consider smart sensors that alert you to abnormal power use or overheating.
  • Call an electrician. Have a licensed professional inspect your system if you suspect any issues.

Candles

While they add ambiance, candles can also add risk. An open flame left unattended is a leading cause of home fires.

How to prevent:

  • Never leave a candle burning unattended. Always extinguish it when you leave the room or go to sleep.
  • Watch placement. Keep candles at least 12 inches away from anything flammable—curtains, books, decorations.
  • Use sturdy holders. Place candles on heat-resistant surfaces and avoid wobbly furniture.
  • Keep away from pets and children. Curious hands and wagging tails can easily knock over a candle.
  • Don’t burn to the bottom. Leave at least a half inch of wax in the container to prevent overheating and cracking.

Dryer Vents

Dryers are a common cause of home fires, and too often, the lint traps are the culprit. Making sure your lint trap is not too full will help.

How to prevent:

  • Clean the lint filter after every load. Remove lint from around the dryer rim.
  • Check the vent hose regularly. Make sure it’s not kinked or clogged. Make sure the outdoor vent flap opens when the dryer is on.
  • Move flammable items. Move cardboard and cleaning supplies away from the dryer, especially when it is on.

Smoking

Careless smoking is another major contributor to home fires—especially when done indoors or near flammable materials.

How to prevent:

  • Never smoke in bed or when drowsy. It makes it too tempting to skip safe disposal and it’s too easy to fall asleep.
  • Use deep, sturdy ashtrays. Ensure cigarette butts are completely extinguished.
  • Don’t toss butts in the trash. Dispose of them in a metal container or douse with water before discarding.

General Fire Safety Tips

Preventing a fire doesn’t stop with avoiding hazards—it includes being prepared in case one does occur.

  • Install smoke detectors. Place them on every level of your home, inside bedrooms, and outside sleeping areas. Test them monthly and change the batteries twice a year (when you change the clocks).
  • Have an extinguisher on hand. Keep one in the kitchen and know how to use it. Check that it’s not expired.
  • Keep flammable items out of reach. Store matches, lighters, and chemicals where children can’t access them.
  • Follow these tips to fireproof your home. There’s a lot that you can do inside and outside.
  • Create a fire escape plan. Practice it with your family so everyone knows how to exit quickly and safely.

Your home is one of your greatest investments. Make sure it is fully protected with the right insurance.

This article is furnished by California Casualty, providing auto and home insurance to educators, law enforcement officers, firefighters, and nurses. Get a quote at 1.866.704.8614 or www.calcas.com.

Kid-Friendly DIY Projects

Kid-Friendly DIY Projects

Summer is in full swing, and somehow, the kids are bored again. Sound familiar? Don’t worry—this season, you’ve got a secret weapon: kid-friendly DIY projects that spark creativity, burn off energy, and (bonus!) keep screen time to a minimum. Whether you’re building a terrarium, whipping up homemade slime, or crafting a bird feeder, these hands-on adventures are fun for the whole family—and just might make you the coolest parent on the block.

Create a terrarium

https://terrariumtribe.com/terrarium-for-kids/

Bring the outdoors in with a mini garden your kids can build and watch grow—right inside a fishbowl or jar!

Supplies

  • Clear glass or plastic container with a lid
  • Plants that enjoy high humidity (like succulents or moss)
  • Tropical soil mix (not potting soil which compacts too quickly)
  • Pebbles or gravel
  • A scoop
  • Spray bottle
  • Rocks, wood, shells, figurines for decoration

Directions

  1. Add an inch of gravel to the bottom. Place it carefully so you do not crack the glass.
  2. Add 2-3 inches of soil.
  3. Arrange the plants in the soil.
  4. Add your decorations.
  5. Use the spray bottle to spray the plants and soil so the top looks wet, but the bottom is still dry.
  6. Put the lid on and place your terrarium in a spot that is out of direct sunlight.
  7. The natural humidity in a closed container will give the plants everything they need. Watch as they flourish and grow.

Make a bird feeder

https://themanylittlejoys.com/kid-made-bird-feeders/

Invite feathered friends to your backyard with this easy, kid-made bird feeder that’s as fun to craft as it is to watch in action!

Supplies

  • Wild bird seed
  • A cardboard toilet paper roll
  • Paper plate
  • Peanut butter (or other nut butter)
  • String or yarn for hanging
  • Knife for spreading

Directions

  1. Spread peanut butter on the outside of the toilet paper roll. Make sure it is fully covered.
  2. Place the birdseed on a paper plate. Shake it gently so it coats the plate.
  3. Press the toilet paper roll in the birdseed. Roll it around until it is well covered.
  4. Cut an 18-inch length of string.
  5. Thread it through the opening of the toilet paper roll. Knot the ends together.
  6. Hang it outside on a branch.

Pro Tip: If you don’t want fallen seeds to sprout on your lawn, place the homemade bird feeder in a paper bag and microwave it for 5 minutes. That prevents it from sprouting.

Make a garden marker

https://gluesticksblog.com/popsicle-stick-garden-makers/

Turn craft time into garden time with these colorful DIY garden markers—perfect for helping kids keep track of what’s growing!

Supplies

  • Popsicle sticks (5 for each garden marker)
  • Hot glue gun (parents only)
  • Acrylic paint
  • Markers

Directions

  1. Place two popsicle sticks on the table vertically, so they are about 4 inches apart.
  2. Have a parent glue a popsicle stick horizontally to connect the two.
  3. Repeat with two more horizontal sticks next to each other to form the sign.
  4. Paint the sign with acrylic craft paint. Let dry.
  5. Paint or use markers to draw the type of vegetable or plant.
  6. Add the name of the plant.

Paint a rock

https://stlmotherhood.com/kids-love-to-craft-super-cute-painted-rocks/

Add a pop of color—and a little kindness—to the world with painted rocks that kids can design, decorate, and share!

Supplies

  • Smooth rocks (craft stores sell them if you cannot find them out and about)
  • Acrylic patio paint (or acrylic paint and a sealant like Mod Podge Outdoor)
  • Foam or regular paintbrush and/or paint markers
  • Sharpies (parent supervision needed)
  • Googly eyes (optional)
  • Glue (optional)

Directions

  1. Wash the rock. If it’s one found outdoors, you will need to remove the dirt and grime. If it’s store-bought, it might have a wax coating.
  2. Apply a coat of paint and let dry.
  3. Draw with paint pens or add detail to create rocks that look like ladybugs, turtles, etc. You can add googly eyes and make your own pet rocks.
  4. Consider writing positive messages and placing your rocks where others will find them as part of the Kindness Rocks Project.

Make your own scratch art

https://www.hgtv.com/design/make-and-celebrate/handmade/how-to-make-your-own-scratch-art

Watch kids’ creativity come to life as they scratch away black paint to reveal vibrant, colorful designs hidden underneath!

Supplies

  • Heavy card stock
  • Crayons
  • Black acrylic paint
  • Mixing bowl
  • Dish soap
  • Foam paint brush
  • Wooden chopstick

Directions

  1. Color the underlying pattern on the card stock. This could be a rainbow, a series of hearts or any colorful pattern. Make sure you press down hard so the color is prominent, and it goes all the way to the ends of the paper.
  2. Combine equal parts acrylic paint and dish soap in the mixing bowl. Stir it gently with the foam brush. Try to avoid making it sudsy.
  3. Apply the paint-soap mixture on top of your colorful design. Make sure to completely coat the cardstock.
  4. Give the paint a few hours to dry.
  5. Then use a chopstick to scratch off designs, revealing the colorful layer below. The paint will flake off but is easy to clean.

Make homemade slime

https://ourbestbites.com/kids-in-the-kitchen-slime/

Stretch it, squish it, swirl it—kids love making (and playing with!) homemade slime that’s equal parts science and fun! Supervise young kids in this process, and make sure they know not to eat the slime.

Supplies

  • 1 teaspoon borax powder
  • 1 ½ cup water divided
  • 4 oz. white glue
  • Food coloring
  • Bowl

Directions

  1. Dissolve a teaspoon of Borax into one cup of water. Set aside.
  2. Pour the glue into a medium mixing bowl and add ½ cup of water.
  3. Add a few drops of food coloring.
  4. Pour the borax mixture into the glue mixture.
  5. Watch for the solids that start to form.
  6. Stir at the beginning but after a few moments, you will want to use your hands to gather the gooey mixture. It will be soft and wet.
  7. Continue kneading it until it becomes firmer.
  8. Store it in a Ziplock bag or airtight container.

For more ideas, check out our blogs on teacher-approved activities for curious minds and summer activities that don’t involve screen time.

Do you have a fun project that’s not listed here? Share it in the comments.

This article is furnished by California Casualty, providing auto and home insurance to educators, law enforcement officers, firefighters, and nurses. Get a quote at 1.866.704.8614 or www.calcas.com.

Keeping Cool on Patrol

Keeping Cool on Patrol

When temperatures soar, staying cool isn’t just a comfort—it’s a matter of safety. For law enforcement officers and first responders, the summer heat adds another layer of challenge to already demanding duties. Whether directing traffic under the blazing sun or responding to emergencies in heavy gear, heat stress can sneak up fast. Here are some smart, practical strategies to help you keep your cool.

Suit Up for the Season

Your uniform is your armor, but under the summer sun, it can turn into a sauna. Choosing the right gear can make a huge difference in staying cool.

  • Go Light and Breathable: If your department permits, opt for summer uniforms made from lightweight, moisture-wicking materials like mesh, rayon, cotton, or lightweight polyester. These fabrics help sweat evaporate quickly, keeping your body temperature in check.
  • Add Cool Extras: Cooling vests, neck wraps, and other personal cooling gear can provide extra relief on scorching days—just make sure they’re approved by your department.
  • Bike & Traffic Patrol Tips: Tactical shorts and ANSI-certified high-visibility polos keep you mobile, visible, and comfortable.
  • Head-to-Toe Comfort: Swap out heavy hats for breathable, UV-protective caps—department approved of course. Choose moisture-wicking socks—many of which include anti-odor features—to keep your feet dry and blister-free.

Pro Tip: Wear your ballistic vest on the outside. In summer, it’s better to skip layering over it. Outer vest carriers offer protection and breathability—without sacrificing your uniformed look.

Hydrate for the Long Haul

When you’re in the sun for hours, even mild dehydration can take a toll. Drink early and often.

  • Water Is #1: Drink before, during, and after your shift. Don’t wait until you’re thirsty.
  • Try Coconut Water: It’s a great natural source of potassium and electrolytes.
  • Skip These: Caffeinated drinks, sodas, energy drinks, and alcohol all dehydrate you. Caffeine constricts blood vessels and acts as a diuretic, while alcohol sets you up for a rough shift the next day.

Eat to Beat the Heat

It takes a lot of energy for our bodies to digest a steak dinner. When our body breaks down protein, it creates heat. Don’t let heavy meals weigh you down. Aim for lighter, heat-friendly meals and snacks leading up to and during your shift.

  • Choose Hydrating Snacks: Watermelon, peaches, apricots, and radishes are great choices.
  • Select Leafy Greens: They’re loaded with water and easy on your system.
  • Enjoy Smart Fuel: Choose lean proteins and whole grains to keep energy up without overheating your body’s digestive system.

Don’t Forget Sunscreen, Bug Spray & Other Essentials

It’s not just the heat. Make sure you protect your skin from damaging rays and uncomfortable, itchy bites.

  • Slather the Sunscreen: Apply broad-spectrum SPF 30+ generously and reapply every two hours, especially if you’re sweating.
  • Bring the Bug Spray: This is essential if your beat includes grassy or wooded areas. Mosquito bites are more than just an annoyance.
  • Take Towels in the Cruiser: Keep a stash of clean towels to wipe off sweat and help you cool down quickly. Try a cooling towel; it will absorb your sweat and create a cooling effect.

Know When to Rest

Recovery is just as important as readiness. Smart breaks can keep you from overheating and reduce the risk of heat-related illness.

  • Take Breaks: When possible, rest in the shade or an air-conditioned vehicle. Short pauses throughout your shift can help regulate body temperature and maintain focus.
  • Watch for Warning Signs: Learn to recognize early symptoms of heat stress—like dizziness, nausea, or confusion—and act quickly if they appear.
  • Use the Buddy System: Keep an eye on your partner—and yourself—for signs of heat exhaustion.
  • Have a Heat Emergency Plan: Know what to do if you or a colleague begins to show symptoms. This goes for K-9 partners, too!

Know the Warning Signs

Heat illness can escalate quickly—from cramps to exhaustion to life-threatening heat stroke.  Be alert for these symptoms:

Signs of Heat Stroke:

  • Body temperature above 103°F
  • Dizziness or disorientation
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Headache
  • Hot, red, dry skin
  • Rapid heartbeat
  • Confusion

If you or a partner exhibit any of these, take immediate action:

  • Get to a cool area
  • Remove excess gear
  • Apply cold compresses or ice packs to the forearms, neck, or groin
  • Seek medical help immediately

As law enforcement officers and first responders, you face challenges every day—especially when the heat is on. That’s why we’re proud to protect the heroes who protect all of us. From custom insurance coverage to exceptional service tailored to law enforcement professionals, we’ve got your back—on duty and off.

 This article is furnished by California Casualty, providing auto and home insurance to educators, law enforcement officers, firefighters, and nurses. Get a quote at 1.866.704.8614 or www.calcas.com.

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