Thinking about going green with your next vehicle? Hybrid and electric cars both offer fuel savings and eco-friendly benefits, but which one is the better fit for your lifestyle? From driving range to charging convenience—and even how they handle in different weather conditions—we’ll break down the pros and cons to help you decide.
What’s the difference?
Hybrid Vehicle: A hybrid car has a gasoline engine and an electric motor. The gas engine and battery-powered motor work together to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. Hybrids don’t need to be plugged in because they recharge the battery while you drive.
Electric Vehicle (EV): An EV runs entirely on electricity. It has no gas engine—just a battery and an electric motor. EVs need to be plugged in to charge, and they produce zero emissions, making them an eco-friendly choice.
Pros and Cons
Let’s take a deeper dive and explore the pros and cons of each, including how they fare in extreme weather.
Hybrid Vehicles
Pros
Better Fuel Efficiency – Hybrids use less gas than traditional cars, saving money at the pump.
No Charging Required – The battery recharges while you drive, so there’s no need to plug it in.
Smoother, Quieter Ride – The electric motor helps reduce engine noise and provides a seamless driving experience.
Longer Driving Range – Since hybrids use both gas and electricity, you won’t have range anxiety like with some EVs.
In Extreme Weather…
Quick Warmup – A hybrid may be safely driven with only a short warmup—about a minute in cold weather.
Less Affected by Cold Weather – Since hybrids have a gas engine, they don’t rely solely on battery power, which helps maintain performance in freezing temperatures.
No Need for Charging – Unlike EVs, hybrids don’t depend on charging stations, which can be slower or less available in extreme conditions.
Consistent Range – Cold or hot weather has less impact on a hybrid’s driving range compared to a fully electric vehicle.
Cons
Less Fuel Savings Than an EV – Hybrids still rely on gas, so it’s not as cost-effective as a fully electric vehicle in the long run.
More Maintenance Than an EV – Since hybrids have both an engine and a battery system, they require more maintenance than an all-electric car.
Battery Replacement Costs – The hybrid battery can be expensive to replace, though it usually lasts many years.
In Extreme Weather…
Reduced Fuel Efficiency in Cold – The gas engine runs more often in low temperatures, slightly lowering fuel economy.
Battery Performance Can Drop – While not as noticeable as in EVs, extreme cold can still reduce battery efficiency.
Hot Weather Can Strain the System – High temperatures may cause the battery and engine to work harder, potentially leading to wear over time.
Electric Vehicles
Pros
Zero Emissions – EVs don’t burn gas, making them the most eco-friendly option.
Lower Operating Costs – Charging is often cheaper than fueling up, and there’s no need for oil changes or many traditional maintenance
Quiet and Smooth Ride – Electric motors make EVs nearly silent and provide instant acceleration.
Fewer Moving Parts – Less wear and tear means fewer repairs compared to gas or hybrid cars.
Incentives and Tax Credits – Many EV buyers qualify for government rebates and incentives, reducing the purchase cost.
In Extreme Weather…
Instant Start – EVs don’t have traditional engines that require oil or warming up, so they start instantly, even in freezing temperatures.
More Efficient in Stop-and-Go Traffic – Unlike gas-powered cars, EVs don’t waste energy idling, making them efficient in winter traffic jams.
Preconditioning Helps – Many EVs allow you to warm up or cool down the car while plugged in, reducing the impact on battery life.
Cons
Higher Upfront Cost – EVs can be more expensive than gas or hybrid cars, though prices are improving.
Limited Range – Some EVs can’t travel as far on a single charge as a gas or hybrid car can on a full tank.
Charging Time – Even fast charging takes longer than a quick stop at a gas station.
Charging Infrastructure – Public charging stations aren’t as common as gas stations, and home charging requires special installation.
Crash-related fires – Should a crash occur, and damage the battery, it could spark a fire. EV fires are much harder to control than those of gas-powered vehicles.
In Extreme Weather…
Cabin heat – It takes a lot of battery to warm the cabin. It’s better to warm the cabin while the car is still plugged in for about 5-10 minutes. Otherwise, you’ll reduce your driving range significantly.
More HVAC Impact – Heating and cooling the cabin draws power from the battery, further reducing range.
Reduced Range in Cold Weather – EVs can lose 10–36% of their range in freezing temperatures because the battery works harder.
Slower Charging in the Cold – Charging times increase in low temperatures, making it less convenient for road trips.
Hot Weather Can Overheat Batteries – High heat can degrade battery life over time and make charging less efficient.
Both hybrids and EVs typically cost more to repair than gas-powered cars due to specialized parts and technology (like battery systems). This can lead to higher insurance premiums. Talk to your insurer about a policy that’s right for your budget and needs.
This article is furnished by California Casualty, providing auto and home insurance to educators, law enforcement officers, firefighters, and nurses. Get a quote at 1.866.704.8614 or www.calcas.com.
Is your lease nearing its end, and you’re wondering whether to say goodbye or keep the keys? Buying out your leased vehicle can be a smart financial move—or a costly mistake—depending on your situation. With used car prices fluctuating and interest rates shifting, now is the time to weigh your options carefully. Should you purchase your leased car or walk away? Let’s break down the pros and cons to help you decide if this is the right road to take.
Why Consider Buying Out Your Lease?
Leasing a car allows you to make lower initial payments while giving you time to test the vehicle before committing to ownership. Many people lease because it offers flexibility, but when the lease ends, you must make the decision to buy or return the car. That depends on several factors.
Understanding the Buyout Amount
Most leases include a buyout option, meaning you can purchase the vehicle at a predetermined price set by the leasing company. This price, known as the residual value, is estimated at the start of the lease. If you choose to buy, you’ll need to pay the buyout amount, plus taxes, fees, and any remaining lease payments.
If you don’t have the cash to buy the car outright, you can finance the buyout. Keep in mind that financing comes with interest. Check out the current interest rate before committing to financing a buyout. Know that if you buy out your lease early, it may also come with additional fees. Importantly, going from a lease to financing a buyout could increase your monthly payments.
Evaluating Your Car’s Value
Before deciding, compare the buyout price with the car’s market value. Websites like Kelley Blue Book and Edmunds can provide an estimate, or you can visit another dealership to get an appraisal for your vehicle. If the buyout price is lower than the car’s market value, purchasing it may be a good deal. If it’s higher, walking away might be the better choice. If it’s close, it still may make sense to buy.
Considering Mileage and Condition
Most leases have mileage limits, typically 12,000 to 15,000 miles per year. If you’ve exceeded your limit, you’ll owe an overage fee—usually between 10 and 25 cents per mile. In this case, buying out your lease might save you money. While unused miles aren’t refunded, your car will likely be valued higher at a lower mileage.
Leasing companies expect the car to be returned in good condition. Any damage—such as dents, scratches, or cracked mirrors—could result in excess wear-and-tear fees. If you’re considering a buyout, repairing minor issues yourself can save you money. Also, remember that once you own the car, future maintenance and repairs will be your responsibility. A pre-purchase mechanical inspection is a good idea so there are no surprises down the road.
Your Personal Situation
Buying out your lease might make sense if:
You like the car and know its history.
You want to avoid the hassle of car shopping.
You prefer to keep a car that won’t immediately depreciate like a new vehicle.
Your transportation needs remain the same.
Turning in your car might make sense if:
You did not go over the mileage for your lease and the car is in good condition.
You prefer to lease another car.
Your transportation needs have changed.
You would like to purchase a new car or a used one.
If you’re trading in your leased car, dealerships may charge cleaning and prep fees. Buying it avoids these costs.
Can You Negotiate the Buyout Price?
It depends on your lease agreement. If the lease was written by the automaker’s finance division, the buyout price is usually non-negotiable. However, if a third-party bank holds the lease, they may be open to negotiation. Even if the buyout price is firm, you might be able to negotiate the fees.
Plan Ahead
Don’t wait until the last minute to decide. Start evaluating your options at least 90 days before your lease ends. This gives you time to:
Assess the car’s value.
Review your credit before applying for a loan.
Secure financing if needed.
Negotiate fees or buyout terms.
You can buy out your lease through the dealership or arrange independent financing through a bank or credit union. If financing on your own, you’ll need to send payment to the leasing company and visit the DMV to handle taxes and title transfer.
Insurance Considerations
Switching from a lease to ownership may impact your insurance rates. Review your policy and contact your insurance company to explore potential savings and coverage changes.
This article is furnished by California Casualty, providing auto and home insurance to educators, law enforcement officers, firefighters, and nurses. Get a quote at 1.866.704.8614 or www.calcas.com.
Age may bring wisdom, but it also comes with new challenges behind the wheel. From adapting to changing reflexes to navigating the latest technology in cars, senior drivers face unique hurdles. If you are a senior driver, or know one, here are simple tips to help stay safe and confident on the road.
How does age affect your driving?
As we get older, changes in our bodies can affect how safely we drive. Stiff joints, muscle weakness, or arthritis can make it harder to turn your head, press the brakes, or react quickly in traffic. If you’ve lost some feeling in your fingers or feet, it might slow down your reaction time or make it harder to stay in control of the car. Vision changes can make it tough to see at night or read road signs quickly, and hearing loss might mean you don’t notice important sounds like sirens or horns. On top of that, some medications can cause drowsiness, dizziness, or slower reactions, which can all affect your driving.
Tip #1: Stay on top of your health.
Regularly check your vision, hearing, and mobility to ensure they’re not affecting your ability to drive safely. Minimize distractions, such as loud music or other sounds, to help you hear important traffic cues like horns or sirens.
If you have limited mobility, consider vehicle modifications. For example, hand controls can replace traditional gas and brake pedals if leg movement is a challenge. Consult with your doctor and an occupational therapist to explore your options.
Be mindful of how medications impact driving. Avoid driving if you’re taking anything that causes drowsiness or lightheadedness.
Tip #2: Make sure your car is the right fit for you.
If it’s an option, select larger dials and easy to read symbols on your car’s dashboard. Turn brightness up on your instrument panel so it is easy to see.
Adjust your seat so you’re not sitting closer than 10 inches to the steering wheel. Make sure your feet can easily press the pedals, without your having to reach with your toes. Pedal extensions are available for those who need it.
Check out the CarFit program sponsored by AAA, AARP Driver Safety, and AOTA (American Occupational Therapy Association). This program can help educate you on ways you can make your car more comfortable and safer as you age.
Tip #3: Understand your car’s safety technology.
Check your owner’s manual to determine the advanced safety technologies in your vehicle. This may include blind spot monitoring, automatic braking, lane-keeping assist, rearview camera, automatic crash notification, navigation, and more.
Seek help from tech-savvy family or friends who can explain features and help you practice. Watch online tutorials—many car manufacturers offer easy-to-follow videos on their websites or YouTube channels. You can also ask your dealer for a demonstration when servicing your car.
If new tech seems overwhelming, take it slow. Practice one new feature at a time to get comfortable with it. Start with the safety features like blind spot monitors. Don’t get discouraged as it can take time to learn new technology.
Tip #4: Drive safely and defensively.
Maintain a safe following distance. Avoid tailgating and give yourself plenty of space to react to sudden stops or changes in traffic. This is especially important in bad weather or heavy traffic.
Drive at a comfortable speed. Stick to the speed limit and, if you prefer driving slower, stay in the right lane to let faster traffic pass safely.
Stay focused and alert. Avoid distractions like using your phone, eating, or multitasking while driving. Never drink and drive and be mindful of any medications that might impair your ability to focus.
Tip #5: Avoid driving certain times of the day or night.
If driving at night feels difficult or uncomfortable, try to avoid it. Similarly, be cautious around sunrise and sunset when glare from the sun can impact your visibility.
Refrain from driving when you’re stressed, tired, or not feeling alert. Skip rush hour or heavy traffic areas to reduce stress and risk.
Avoid driving in rain, snow, ice, or other challenging weather conditions. Consider using rideshare services, public transportation, or asking for a ride from friends or family during these times.
Tip #6: Know how to deal with night driving.
Make sure your headlights, taillights, windshield and side windows are clean.
Allow for more space between you and the car in front to allow for additional stopping room – it’s harder to judge speed and distance in the dark.
If headlights of oncoming vehicles are too bright, look down and to the right. It will help deflect the light and you can use the right side of the road as your guide.
Do not wear sunglasses or tinted lenses at night. It reduces the amount of light that reaches your eyes and can make driving hazardous.
Tip #7: Take advantage of available support.
Refresh your knowledge of driving rules with a program like AAA’s RoadWise Driver Course. Completing the course may even qualify you for a discount with certain insurance providers.
Consider hiring a driving rehabilitation specialist. These professionals assess key factors such as muscle strength, flexibility, reaction time, and decision-making skills to help ensure safe driving.
Talk to trusted friends and family about your driving. Their honest feedback and support can help you identify areas for improvement and give you confidence behind the wheel.
Tip #8: Is it time to stop driving? Know the warning signs.
Be alert for warning signs such as multiple accidents, near-misses, or new scrapes and dents on the vehicle. Pay attention if you have received two or more tickets or warnings within the past two years.
Watch for signs of erratic, unsafe, or aggressive driving from your loved one, or if you’re the driver, for times you felt out of control.
Take seriously any recommendation from a doctor to change driving habits or stop driving altogether.
Approach the conversation with your loved one with empathy, focusing on positivity and support. Together, you can explore alternative ways to maintain their freedom and connection to the world around them.
Finally, make sure your car is fully protected for added peace of mind. Safe travels.
This article is furnished by California Casualty, providing auto and home insurance to educators, law enforcement officers, firefighters, and nurses. Get a quote at 1.866.704.8614 or www.calcas.com.
Imagine getting into a fender bender and realizing your insurance won’t fully cover the damages. With rising medical costs and repair expenses, California is making its first major update to auto insurance requirements in over 50 years. Starting January 1, 2025, new higher minimum liability limits will better protect drivers from unexpected financial burdens. But what do these changes mean for you? Let’s break it down.
Understanding Liability Coverage
Liability insurance helps cover damages if you cause an accident. It does not cover your own injuries or vehicle damage—that’s where collision and comprehensive coverage come in.
Because accidents can lead to costly damages, liability insurance is required by law in most states to protect victims of accidents. It consists of two parts:
Bodily Injury Coverage – Pays for medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering for the other driver and passengers.
Property Damage Coverage – Pays for repairs or replacement of the other vehicle or damaged property, such as a fence or building.
Why Coverage Limits Matter
When you buy liability insurance, you choose a coverage limit. If the costs of an accident exceed your limit, you’ll have to pay the difference out of pocket. For example, if your policy covers $50,000 per person, but the injured driver’s medical bills total $60,000, you would be responsible for the extra $10,000.
The main goal of liability insurance is to protect your assets, and so you may choose a higher limit than the state specifies. You’ll want to take into account the amount of medical expenses that could be incurred in an accident. You could be responsible for lost wages for the driver. If tragically he or she dies, you could be providing lost wages for the driver’s family.
On the other hand, if you’re the victim of an accident and the at-fault driver has higher liability limits, their insurance will be better equipped to cover your medical expenses and property damage. So, that’s good news.
What’s Changing in 2025?
California’s previous minimum coverage limits—set in 1967—were among the lowest in the nation. The costs of medical car and car repairs have increased substantially since that time. The new limits under Senate Bill 1107 (the Protect California Drivers Act) increase the minimum amount of coverage to align more closely with today’s costs. They seek to reduce the financial burden on crash victims.
Effective, January 1, 2025, the new limits are as follows:
$30,000 for injury or death to one person (previously $15,000)
$60,000 for injury or death to multiple people (previously $30,000)
$15,000 for property damage (previously $5,000)
While increasing liability limits provides better financial protection, it can also lead to a slight rise in premiums, especially for those who currently have only the minimum required coverage. However, this added cost is often minimal compared to the potential financial burden of an accident that exceeds your policy limits.
Time to Review Your Auto Policy
With these new requirements, now is the perfect time to review your auto coverage. While many insurance companies will automatically update your policy if you reside in California, you’ll want to make sure the new limits are in place. After all, failing to meet the new minimums could result in:
Legal penalties, fines, impoundment of your vehicle, or suspension of your driver’s license and/or registration
Out-of-pocket expenses for medical bills, property damage, and legal fees
How to Save on Coverage
Higher limits don’t always mean higher costs. At California Casualty, we offer package discounts and savings for customers carrying higher coverage levels. Additional discounts may apply if you:
Are a member of an eligible group (educators, nurses, first responders, firefighters and law enforcement);
Maintain a good insurance score known as the Financial Responsibility (FR) Score.
Knowing what affects your car insurance rate can help you make changes to reduce the amount you pay while still getting great coverage. Learn more about your options and get a free quote today.
This article is furnished by California Casualty, providing auto and home insurance to educators, law enforcement officers, firefighters, and nurses. Get a quote at 1.866.704.8614 or www.calcas.com.
You are miles from nowhere when suddenly, your headlights dim, your dashboard flickers, and your car starts losing power. No, it’s not a scene from an action thriller—it’s a sign that your alternator might be failing. But how do you know when it’s time to replace it? Let’s break down the signs before your car breaks down on you.
What is an alternator?
The alternator is a small but mighty component responsible for keeping your battery charged and your vehicle’s electrical systems running smoothly. It converts kinetic energy into electrical energy. That energy charges your car’s battery so that it can start and also powers your car when running. Over time, wear and tear can reduce the alternator’s efficiency, preventing it from fully charging the battery. While there’s no exact timeframe for replacement, alternators typically last between 100,000 and 150,000 miles. It’s risky to drive a car with a bad alternator. It can leave you stranded.
Bad battery or bad alternator?
Since the alternator and battery work closely together, sometimes the signs you are seeing could mean you need to replace the battery and not the alternator. Consider the age of both parts and their condition. The average battery life is 3-5 years, so if your battery hasn’t been replaced in that long, check that first.
Signs of a bad battery:
Your vehicle is hard to start or won’t start at all.
You hear a clicking noise when trying to start the car, or it takes longer for the engine to catch.
You notice dim or flickering headlights, taillights or dashboard lights.
Your car consistently has a dead battery. This could also be due to a bad alternator.
Signs of a bad alternator:
You notice dim or very bright headlights. (This is due to the inconsistent flow of electricity generated by the alternator.)
Your vehicle doesn’t start.
Your lights and gauges dim, and then your car stalls when driving.
You notice a burnt rubber smell and/or loud grinding noise.
Do you have a multimeter? That’s a surefire way to know if the alternator is failing. When the car is not running, check the voltage at the battery. It should be between 12 and 12.5 volts. Then check the voltage again when the car is running. The voltage level should increase between 13.5 and 14.5. If the voltage does not increase, the alternator is bad. If it does increase, yet you are still experiencing some of the issues listed above, then it is likely that the battery is bad.
How to Replace the Alternator
You can certainly take your car to your mechanic for an alternator replacement. However, if you’re handy and have some experience working on cars, here is a guide to replacing your alternator.
Pro tip: take photos of each piece before disconnecting them so you know how to hook everything back up.
Check Your Vehicle’s Manual: Identify the type of alternator you need and purchase it.
Gather Your Supplies: Get a socket and wrench set, gloves, safety glasses, and a memory saver. A memory saver provides a small current to preserve your car’s electronics and prevent the need for reprogramming; it typically plugs into the power port.
Backup Electronic Data (if needed): Refer to your manual to determine if backing up preset electronic data from your car’s computer is necessary.
Turn Off the Engine: Shut off your car’s engine and put on your safety gear.
Disconnect the Battery: Remove the negative cable from the car battery. Disconnecting the positive cable is optional.
Loosen the Belt Tensioner: Release the tension on the serpentine belt and remove it. Inspect the belt for wear and tear, replacing it if needed.
Remove Alternator Attachments: Disconnect all cables and bolts securing the alternator, including the voltage regulator connector, the alternator’s positive cable, the brace nut and bolt, and the lower mounting bolt.
Replace the Alternator: Remove the old alternator and install the new one in the same position.
Reassemble: Reattach all previously disconnected components.
Test Voltage: If available, use a multimeter to ensure the voltage reads between 13.5 and 14.5 volts when running.
Maintaining Your Alternator
You also can take steps to reduce the wear and tear on your alternator and keeping it working at its best.
Schedule regular maintenance and ask your mechanic to check the alternator every time. Regular maintenance also will help your car last longer.
Regularly clean your alternator to remove dirt, grease, and debris. These can cause it to overheat.
Tighten loose connections that can affect the alternator’s performance.
Look out for fluid leaks around the alternator. Fluid and oil buildup can shorten an alternator’s lifespan. Identify the source of the leak as soon as possible. (Usually, it’s not the alternator that is leaking.)
Keep your belts in good condition. Worn belts can loosen the alternator mountings.
Be careful with aftermarket electronics. Improperly installing them can overload the alternator.
Maintain and replace your battery as needed so that you will know that it’s not the battery if your vehicle’s electrical system fails.
Finally, the right coverage for your vehicle is important for added peace of mind. Schedule an annual review with your insurer to make sure your vehicle is fully protected. Safe travels.
This article is furnished by California Casualty, providing auto and home insurance to educators, law enforcement officers, firefighters, and nurses. Get a quote at 1.866.704.8614 or www.calcas.com.
You’re ready to hit the road, but your car has other plans—stuck in a snowbank with tires spinning. Before your frustration gets out of hand, take a deep breath. With the right techniques and a little patience, you can free your vehicle and get back on track. Here’s your step-by-step guide to escape the snow’s icy grip without breaking a sweat—or your car!
1. Stay Safe and Assess the Situation
Before doing anything, ensure you’re safe. Turn on your hazard lights and assess the situation. Are other vehicles nearby? Make sure you’re visible to others and have enough space to work around your car safely.
2. Clear the Exhaust Pipe
Check your car’s tailpipe for snow and ice. A clogged exhaust can cause dangerous carbon monoxide to back up into the vehicle’s cabin. Clearing it is a critical safety step before you start working to free your car.
Use a shovel or any sturdy tool to remove snow around the tires, under the car, and along the path you want to travel. Clearing as much snow as possible will make it easier to gain traction and move forward.
4. Try Melting the Snow
If the snow around your wheels is packed and icy, try sprinkling salt or a de-icing agent. Be cautious, as salt can cause rust on your vehicle, and some chemicals may be harmful to pets and the environment.
5. Add Traction
Improve your grip by spreading dry materials like sand, kitty litter, or even your car’s floor mats under the tires. These items can provide the friction needed to get your car moving.
Pro Tip: Lower your window slightly to listen for spinning wheels as you press on the gas. If you hear them spinning, it’s not working.
6. Choose the Right Driving Technique
Depending on your type of vehicle, you will want to take advantage of its strengths.
4-Wheel Drive: If your vehicle has a 4-wheel drive option, turn it on to deliver power to all wheels. Use a low gear in an automatic to reduce wheel spinning.
Front-Wheel Drive: Turn your steering wheel left and right repeatedly to find a patch of traction.
Manual Transmission: Start in second gear to reduce wheel spin and increase grip.
7. Turn Off Traction Control
Your traction control system can prevent your wheels from spinning, which helps in skids but can hinder your efforts when stuck. Temporarily disable it to give your wheels the power they need to move.
8. Rock Your Vehicle
Gently rock your car by shifting between forward and reverse gears. Apply light gas pressure—avoid flooring it—and stop if it’s not working after a few tries to prevent transmission damage.
9. Let Air Out of Your Tires
In extreme cases, slightly deflate your tires to increase surface contact and improve traction. Only do this if you’re near a place to reinflate them, as driving on underinflated tires can be dangerous.
10. Call for Roadside Assistance
If all else fails, it’s time to call for help. Roadside assistance professionals have the tools and expertise to safely free your vehicle.
After You’re Unstuck
Once your car is free, pull over in a safe spot and inspect your tires. Spinning wheels can pack snow and ice into the treads, making steering difficult. Use a snow scraper to clear them and restore proper grip. Don’t forget to turn your traction control back on before resuming your drive. Follow winter driving safety tips to prevent any future issues.
Be Prepared for the Future
Getting stuck in deep snow can damage your car’s transmission, battery, or drivetrain. Get your car checked out if you have been stuck in deep snow.
In addition, prepare for any future incidents. Keep a winter emergency kit in your vehicle, including:
Finally, make sure your vehicle is protected for winter with the right insurance. This will help add peace of mind. Safe travels.
This article is furnished by California Casualty, providing auto and home insurance to educators, law enforcement officers, firefighters, and nurses. Get a quote at 1.866.704.8614 or www.calcas.com.
